精品推薦·世界罕見的《元青花鬼谷子下山圖盤》鑒賞解析

2005年7月12日，元青花“鬼谷子下山圖”罐，在英國佳士得以2.3億元人民幣的天價拍出，成為亞洲藝術(shù)品中的天字第一號，從而震撼了國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界、藝術(shù)品收藏界和投資市場，至今仍是研究和愛好中國瓷器者議論的熱門話題之一。元青花的藝術(shù)、科學(xué)、歷史價值很高，尤其是商業(yè)價值，多年來一直屢攀新高，始終受到國內(nèi)外藝術(shù)品投資收藏家和愛好瓷器人們的青睞與追逐。

On July 12, 2005, the blue and white "Guiguzi down the mountain map" jar was sold at the high price of 230 million yuan in the British Christie's, becoming the number one in the Asian art, which shocked the domestic academic community The collection industry and the investment market are still one of the hot topics of discussion and discussion among Chinese porcelain lovers. Yuan Qinghua has high artistic, scientific, and historical value, especially commercial value. It has been climbing to new heights for many years, and has always been favored and chased by domestic and foreign art investment collectors and porcelain lovers.

元青花“鬼谷子下山圖”盤，故事來自于元代版畫《樂毅圖齊七國春秋后集》，它表現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)國時代齊、燕交戰(zhàn)中，孫臏被燕國囚禁，他的師傅鬼谷子下山營救徒弟的故事。同樣的一件元青花“錦香亭圖”罐，2005年在香港佳士得也拍出了4900萬人民幣的高價。該罐上所繪場景出自元代著名劇作家王仲文雜劇《孟月梅寫恨錦香亭》，表現(xiàn)了唐玄宗時期才子佳人陳圭與孟月梅曲折的愛情故事，此兩罐是稀世珍品——元朝人物故事青花罐八件中的兩件。兩罐繪畫中的主題人物故事雖不一樣，但器物的高度、直徑等卻大致相同。頸部、肩部也都分別繪上了相似紋飾。只可惜“錦香亭圖”罐的罐口有了修補，其價值便大大低于“鬼谷子下山圖”。元青花瓷器的裝飾紋飾大多為牡丹、竹梅，龍紋、蓮紋、花鳥等，因此，青花瓷器上歷史人物故事的出現(xiàn)，就顯得更為珍貴。

Yuan Qinghua's "Gui Gu Zi Down Mountain Picture" plate, the story comes from the Yuan Dynasty print "Le Yi Tu Qi Qi Guo Chun Qiu Hui Ji", which shows that during the Warring States period, Qi and Yan were fighting, Sun Bin was imprisoned by Yan Guo, and his master Gui Guzi went down the mountain to rescue Apprentice's story. The same Yuanqing blue and white "Jinxiang Pavilion Map" jar was also sold at Christie's Hong Kong in 2005 at a high price of 49 million yuan. The scene painted on the can comes from the Zaju play "Meng Yuemei writes hate incense pavilion" by the famous playwright Wang Zhongwen of the Yuan Dynasty, which shows the twisted love story of the talented and beautiful Chen Gui and Meng Yuemei during the period of Tang Xuanzong. Two of the eight blue and white pots. Although the story of the themed characters in the two cans is different, the height and diameter of the utensils are about the same. The neck and shoulders are also painted with similar patterns. It is a pity that the mouth of the "Jinxiang Pavilion Map" tank has been repaired, and its value is much lower than that of "Gui Guzi Down the Mountain Map". The decorative patterns of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty are mostly peony, bamboo and plum, dragon pattern, lotus pattern, flowers and birds, etc. Therefore, the appearance of historical characters in blue and white porcelain appears more precious.

我國雖早在唐代就已經(jīng)燒制青花瓷，但成熟的青花瓷器誕生在元代。元代是一個承前啟后的重要時期。元代中晚期景德鎮(zhèn)開始大量生產(chǎn)青花瓷器，而且質(zhì)量很高。青花瓷器從此成為景德鎮(zhèn)窯乃至整個中國瓷器生產(chǎn)中的最主要產(chǎn)品，被人們譽之為“國瓷”。同時，元朝還在景德鎮(zhèn)設(shè)立了全國唯一一所管理陶瓷機構(gòu)——浮梁磁局。但由于所存資料和器物有限，因此，我們對于元青花的研究和認(rèn)識，還處在初級階段。人們常說的元青花主要是指元代晚期（1341——1368）的至正青花，至正青花是元青花的杰出代表，但并不能涵蓋整個元代青花瓷器。元青花的存世量少，主要與多年來的征戰(zhàn)，以及明初統(tǒng)治者野蠻焚毀元代器物有關(guān)。

Although China has already fired blue and white porcelain as early as the Tang Dynasty, mature blue and white porcelain was born in the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty was an important period of succession. In the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen began mass production of blue and white porcelain with high quality. Blue and white porcelain has since become the most important product in the production of Jingdezhen kilns and the entire Chinese porcelain, known as "national porcelain". At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty also established the only ceramic management institution in the country—Fuliang Magnetic Bureau. However, due to the limited data and utensils stored, our research and understanding of Yuanqinghua is still in its infancy. It is often said that the Yuan blue and white flowers mainly refer to the Zhizheng blue and white in the late Yuan Dynasty (1341-1368). The Zhizheng blue and white are the outstanding representatives of the Yuan blue and white flowers, but they cannot cover the entire blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. The few blue and white survivors of the Yuan Dynasty are mainly related to the years of wars and the brutal burning of Yuan Dynasty artifacts by the rulers of the early Ming Dynasty.

元代前前后后還不到一百年，作為一個王朝，它雖然短暫，但元青花卻是我國瓷器中璀璨奪目的一顆珍珠。有趣的是，各個不同歷史時期，如明、清直至民國，仿元青花瓷器幾乎沒有，因為元青花瓷器當(dāng)時資料和器物都很缺乏，況且看到的元青花瓷器上也很少書寫紀(jì)年款識。因此，在元末明初青花瓷器的斷代界限上，也每每是仁者見仁智者見智。到了明朝永樂、宣德時期，又是中國青花瓷器的高峰之一，后人中愛好者和牟利者都很關(guān)注明朝永樂、宣德的青花瓷器，卻忽略了元青花才是真正一座尚未開發(fā)的寶藏。此《元青花鬼谷子下山圖盤》從顏色和工藝上都是青花瓷中翹楚。更關(guān)鍵的是元青花存世量極為稀少，正宗的元青花前世界都不足三百件，更不要說畫有人物和故事的元青花罐了，全世界加起來也不超過十件，那咱們今天介紹的這“鬼谷子下山圖”罐正是其中的代表，神秘的老人，精美的瓷罐，凝結(jié)著古代匠人的心血，更表明著中華文明輝煌的歷史，具有極高的收藏投資價值和歷史研究價值。

It is less than a hundred years before and after the Yuan Dynasty. As a dynasty, although it is short, the blue and white Yuan Dynasty is a dazzling pearl in China's porcelain. Interestingly, in various historical periods, such as the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, there were almost no imitations of blue and white porcelain, because the materials and utensils of the Yuan blue and white porcelain were scarce at the time, and the years of blue and white porcelain were rarely written. Therefore, on the dynasties of blue and white porcelain in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, the benevolent see the benevolent and the wise see the wisdom. In the Ming Dynasty Yongle and Xuande period, it was also one of the peaks of blue and white porcelain in China. Lovers and profit-makers of the future generations paid close attention to the blue and white porcelain in Yongle and Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, but ignored the Yuan blue and white is really an undeveloped Treasure. This "Yuan Blue and White Guiguzi Downhill Picture Plate" is a leader in blue and white porcelain in terms of color and craftsmanship. What ’s more important is that the number of Yuanqing flowers is extremely scarce. The world before the authentic Yuanqing is less than 300 pieces, not to mention the Yuanqinghua pots with characters and stories. The world ’s total is no more than 10 pieces. The introduced "Guiguzi down the mountain" tank is the representative of it. The mysterious old man, the exquisite porcelain pot, condenses the hard work of the ancient craftsmen, and it also shows the glorious history of Chinese civilization, with extremely high collection investment value and historical research. value.

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